Proportionally, the long axe has more in common with a modern meat cleaver than a wood axe. Average weight of an axe this size is between 1 kg and 2 kg (2 and 4 pounds). Many of these axes were constructed with a reinforced bit, typically of a higher carbon steel to facilitate a harder, sharper edge. The fatness of the body on top the edge is as thin as 2 mm. The blade itself was reasonably light and forged very thin, making it superb for cutting. Later type M blades are typically larger overall, with a more symmetrical toe and heel. Type L blades tend to be smaller, with the toe of the bit swept forward for superior shearing capability. Cutting surfaces vary, but is generally between 20 cm and 30 cm (8 and 12 inches). Both types consist of a wide, thin blade, with pronounced "horns" at both the toe and heel of the bit. Most axes, both in period illustrations and extant artifact, that fall under the description of Danish axe, possess type L or type M heads according to the Petersen axe typology. Other names for the weapon include English long axe, Danish axe, and hafted axe. The Dane axe is an early type of battle axe, primarily used during the transition between the European Viking Age and early Middle Ages. ![]() Replica Danish axe head, Petersen Type L or Type M, As easy-to-make weapons, axes have frequently been used in combat. Hatchets tend to be small hafted axes often with a hammer on the back side (the poll). Hafted axes with short handles designed for use with one hand are often called hand axes but the term hand axe refers to axes without handles as well. Modern axes are specialised by use, size and form. Most modern axes have steel heads and wooden handles, typically hickory in the US and ash in Europe and Asia, although plastic or fibreglass handles are also common. However, in France and Holland, the billhook often replaced the axe as a joiner's bench tool. A tool of similar origin is the billhook. Less common today, they were once an integral part of a joiner and carpenter's tool kit, not just a tool for use in forestry. ![]() symmetrical about the axis of the blade, but some specialist broadaxes have a single bevel blade, and usually an offset handle that allows them to be used for finishing work without putting the user's knuckles at risk of injury. Generally, cutting axes have a shallow wedge angle, whereas splitting axes have a deeper angle. For fine chopping using a side axe this sometimes is a positive effect, but for felling with a double bitted axe it reduces efficiency. The handle of the axe also acts as a lever allowing the user to increase the force at the cutting edge-not using the full length of the handle is known as choking the axe. It splits the wood into two parts by the pressure concentration at the blade. This reduces the effort needed by the wood chopper. The axe is an example of a simple machine, as it is a type of wedge, or dual inclined plane. Axes are usually composed of a head and a handle. Axes made of copper, bronze, iron and steel appeared as these technologies developed. ![]() The earliest examples of handled axes have heads of stone with some form of wooden handle attached (hafted) in a method to suit the available materials and use. It was later fastened to a wooden handle. Appalachian Blacksmiths Association - Oilīefore the modern axe, the stone-age hand axe was used from 1.5 million years BP without a handle.Appalachian Blacksmiths Association - Wax.
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